珊瑚礁

2019年的流行色

预测为“活珊瑚橘”

大意是来自天然珊瑚的色彩

活跃的，缤纷的，充满生命力的

“LivingCoral”

也意味着珊瑚这个物种的生命力

充满了色彩和生机

2019年的流行色发布

令人直接想起了这部

2017年的珊瑚纪录片

迄今为止 标记看过的人数

只有五千不到

电影是导演：杰夫·奥洛威斯基，继《逐冰之旅》后，再一次对全球气候变暖，进行的拷问。这次他用镜头记录的，不是融化的冰川大陆，而是因为水温的升高，迅速白化以及死亡的珊瑚群。

那些你耳熟能详的大堡礁，可能在未来的几年里，将有着更大面积的珊瑚白化，之后死亡。在我们看不见的海洋生态圈里，珊瑚、鱼群一点点消失。

纪录片里邀请了各个学科的专家，根据洋流，海洋的水温变暖给出了分析和预判，全球变暖问题，依然在我们看不见的地方，持续产生着影响。

珊瑚作为一个看起来简单，其实构造复杂的生命体，非常的神奇。比如，它看起来像个植物，但是它其实是动物，属刺胞动物门。

比如，珊瑚、珊瑚虫、珊瑚礁都是珊瑚吗？其实珊瑚是由很多珊瑚虫组成，珊瑚虫是海洋中的一种腔肠动物。每一个单体的珊瑚虫只有米粒那样大小，它们一群一群地聚居在一起，以捕食海洋里细小的浮游生物为食，在生长过程中能吸收海水中的钙和二氧化碳，然后分泌出石灰石，一代代地新陈代谢，生长繁衍，同时不断分泌出石灰石，并粘合在一起，形成珊瑚的内在“骨骼”。

当珊瑚死后，就只剩下了光秃秃的珊瑚礁，也就是它的“骨骼”。

珊瑚虫本应该是跟浅海里的鱼群一样，五彩斑斓，甚至令密恐的人难以直视。

但是由于全球变暖，海水温度升高，活珊瑚开始大量白化。

试想一下，如果人类的体温，被强制升高2度，一直处于低烧状态的人，很难想象会受到怎样的影响。

珊瑚虫对于水温升高的应激反应，就是本能的白化自己，不再吸收营养，自杀式的将正常的细胞排出体外。

影片的摄制组成员，耗费了人力物力，记录了从2014年到2015年的珊瑚白化现象。

之后世界各地的潜水爱好者，也加入了跟踪报道的行列。

在电影中，还提到了从珊瑚中提取的物质，有可能治疗癌症。无论是药用方面还是从海洋环境的角度出发，珊瑚的作用都是无可替代的。

目前，几十种珊瑚的“种子”，已经被放到了挪威在北冰洋·斯瓦尔巴群岛的“种子银行”里。

这也是人类最后的“诺亚方舟”了，希望我们永远不会走到，需要用到这些种子的那一天。

就在2018年12月PANTONE Color发布的当天，《追逐珊瑚》影片的脸书也转发了这个话题，不过只有11个评论，92个分享。

如果更多的人知道珊瑚所面临的危机，以及在创造和讨论时尚话题的同时，也更多的了解环境问题，这才是“活珊瑚红”作为2019年流行色的意义。

它不仅仅只是一个供大家消费的颜色而已，同时是提醒我们，生活中的色彩，其实都来自于我们赖以生存的自然环境——也就鲜活的动植物本身。

虽然我们已经不能阻止全球变暖，但是我们需要意识到：这个问题依然在影响着我们的未来。如何尽量去减缓，并且减轻全球变暖的影响，是人们未来需要逐渐去解决的问题。

否则手机和相机再怎么更新换代，再高清的摄像头和航拍技术，都已经捕捉不到那些曾经美丽的地球了。能拍到的，就剩下了一片死寂的海底。

珊瑚群如果不在了，可能未来的孩子们只能从《海底总动员》了解海底的世界了。

2019年，当我们讨论流行、时尚和色彩，消费今年新一季的服装饰品时，你也可以给身边的他/她推荐这部《追逐珊瑚》纪录片！

想象一下，2019年会有多少因为新流行色而生产的服饰和包包！在新的一年里，减少过度消费和浪费。少买一些不可以降解和回收的商品，不要因为流行就冲动购买，是不是也应该在我们的生活目标里？希望更多“时尚博主”可以加入这个行列。

推荐纪录片

《逐冰之旅》

《追逐珊瑚》

2019年，小玄儿记

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作为渺小的人类一直被大自然的壮美所征服. 然后会被人类毫无节制的破坏力所震撼. 供养了海洋四分之一生物的珊瑚在以肉眼可见的速度白化. 从80年代第一次白化高峰到现在全球约有35%的珊瑚已经死亡. 纪录片到后面. 看着世界各地的白化严重程度. 给人的感觉就像海洋版电影<Contagion>活生生地上演. 海水升高2度就足以杀死斑斓绚丽的珊瑚. 试想一下要有多少CO2的排放才足以让这盆覆盖了地球面积71%的水升高这2度. 如果没有这片汪洋一直以来吸收大部分来自人类排放的热量. 如今的地表温度可能高达50°. 就算你没有亲眼目睹Great Barrier Reef至少也听说过她的美. 而这片34万平方公里的世界奇迹在以肉眼可见的速度死亡. 总觉得环境恶化全球变暖什么的好像不是我们这代人的事. 而以目前的速度发展下去20年后这片绚烂就会死亡殆尽. 这种速度难道不会让你觉得不寒而栗吗?

最近利用碎片时间看了这部纪录片，讲的是一群科学家和摄影师为了警醒世人，守卫他们心中的圣土还有地球的未来，历尽千辛万苦记录下了珊瑚白化（死亡）的过程。画面上我们看到了可怕的一幕：由于碳排放量居高不下，全球变暖趋势日益严重，海洋环境已经面临严重威胁，小丑鱼们曾经生活的彩色天堂已经变成了坟墓……

最后用珊瑚纪录片之父的几句话勉励自己———

As long as I can influence people, I will. Because we have to. We've got no choice. Otherwise, you're not gonna like yourself when you're an old man. You'll think, you're gonna like yourself much more if you can say "well, I sure tried to turn that around. And maybe I did influence people here and there ."

昨天刚收到的National Geographic的5月刊正好是海洋主题，今天就想看一部相关主题的影片，于是便找到这部关于海洋生物珊瑚的纪录片。

水下的世界真的令人大开眼界，其实关于海洋这个孕育生命的地方，人们了解和知道的实在是相对很少。其中项目的发起人更是提及，关于海洋最大的问题其实是“it is completely out of sight and out of mind”。我们并不能看见海洋此刻正在发生的问题，于是便从来也不会想到其中的利害，从而改变自己的生活方式以求降低对自然环境的伤害。此理也可以推及很多其他的领域，这就是为什么对于环境保护方面的宣传至关重要的原因，人们需要将目光延伸到很多我们日常生活中留意不到的地方。

看着珊瑚的生命在短时间内一点点地逝去，让人忍不住泪目之余，还有深深的震撼——看到珊瑚在濒死之际发出荧光的绚丽色彩，这无比绚烂之美就像是生命最后的呐喊一般，告诉人们“I AM DYING! PLEASE NOTICE!”

可能随着社会的高速发展，人类变得越来越自大，以及忘记了对自然的敬畏感。在这个钢筋水泥筑成的世界里，我们只看得到自己的生活里的快乐和烦恼。影片最后以一直刚出生的小海龟，努力地穿过沙滩，最终回归海洋的场景，定格到这么一句话：“This film is dedicated to all young people who can and will make a difference.” 相信这个世界上的一切都是有关联的，即便我现在没办法像世界各地的那些divers那样，去记录下正在死去的珊瑚，去更大地扩大这件事的影响力，但我还是可以一些力所能及的事。

遵循3R——reduce, reuse, recycle、节约用电用水、减少使用塑料制品、用nontoxic的化学剂、购买有机产品、还有要多留意护肤产品的成分表，我就曾经发现一个主打绿色环保的护肤品品牌的卸妆膏里居然含有微塑料、以及不要使用含有对海洋生物有害的成分的防晒霜（标有reef-safe/ reef-friendly）、尽量不要购买快时尚的服装、减少不必要的消费、去尝试更简单更eco-friendly的生活方式......

我不知道别人是怎么样的，每当我有负面情绪时，我就会想想这个世界、自然和宇宙，瞬间就觉得自己的烦恼微不足道了。希望有越来越多的人能认清人类的渺小，并为了生命的延续而做出自己的努力。

对海洋生物有不良影响的防晒霜成分，以及它们会对海洋生物造成的伤害

这部作品结尾的名单上，起码有30个博士和教授，他们的名字前面都是Dr.开头。

这基本就展现了本篇核心内容的主要阵地和主要工作人员，他们主要是全世界各个国家的最顶尖的精英阶层，他们都是海洋学家，生物学家，气候学家，还有珊瑚学家，就这一小部分人和他们的学生两代吧，三代接力的来从事这个事业，这才是中国最重要的阵地和最主要的前沿人员，也是最核心的力量。

我就是和普通人最不一样，他们是保护珊瑚，研究珊瑚这个事业的核心人员，是可能是唯一的从事人员吧，结果他们说这个世界上他们不缺不缺钱，不缺不缺资源，不缺知识也不缺技术手段。你所需要的可能是所有人都关注起来，这是很不容易的事情。

这个陆地生态系统很丰富，海洋生态系统也很丰富，甚至更好，那海洋生态系统最重要的一个局部的核心基础就是珊瑚礁，那珊瑚礁是近30年来便大范围的死，那肯定是向我们展示了一种预兆，说这个科学从事研究的科学家肯定是前沿的科学探索人员，他们会触及到一些危机到来的先兆。这是普通人注意不到的，他们就是想文明社会发出预警的哨兵

气候变暖，栖息地破坏海洋污染知道是珊瑚礁灭绝的最重要的原因，是珊瑚是一种海洋中的动物和植物组合的生态群落，呃，珊瑚虫作为一种动物，它们和海藻这种微型植物结合在一起组成一个聚合体吧，就成千上万的珊瑚虫构成珊瑚礁，他们构筑珊瑚，骨架堆积成山胡椒，然后山胡椒就成为一个巨大生态系统的基础。

这种基础的破坏一定会摧毁海洋生态系统，要像陆地生态系统里头没有土壤，没有山林，没有水一样。这样的破坏都是在大部分人不知不觉中发生的，这是气候变暖最重要的证据，证据不但会摧毁生态系统，还会对人类社会最基础的生产造成巨大的破坏，全世界至少有十几亿人依靠海洋里提供的食物支持生活，是海洋产业的来源，就像陆地产业，农业的是空气，水土壤肥料一样，海洋中也可能正式依靠山呼叫，提供如此众多的鱼类蛋白质，没有珊瑚礁海洋产业可能会遭受巨大损失，会产生生态灾难难民吧，对政治会造成很大的影响。

不可能会启动跨国赔偿，跨国支付来赔偿，支援珊瑚礁的重建，然而这可能是一种无法扭转的趋势了，珊瑚礁的灭绝已经成了一种必然，以后我们只能在水族馆里看到他们，我相信以后的基因工程技术可能会帮我们重新在线，让人类要去修复更加先进的力量去修复这种产业，这是一种没有回报的产业，可能需要全世界各个国家几十年的财政持续投入。

普通人嘛，可能就是随着大溜参与一下环保行动，采用清洁能源或者或者看这样的片子也可以。

这是16年的片子，我觉得我国有如此漫长的海岸线和大片的海域，海洋作为一个生巨大的整体的生态系统，局部的某些重要的核心部分发生矛盾尖锐的人与自然冲突一定会对整体造成一些影响，这种影响可能不会立即出现，可能会潜移默化的出现。气候变暖显然已经出现了巨大灾害的预兆，然而我们却还在不知不觉咱们会不会累积到一个重要程度，然后突破一点点发生巨大的灾难，滨海城市滨海产业会发生什么？会不会影响到我们自己，然后对我们的生活造成巨大的改变，那个时候我们再回头看，原来16年已经发出了如此巨大的警告，这可能是我们无法避免的命运，这种片子给未来造成的阴影。

使用清洁能源阻止气候变暖已经刻不容缓，这需要对资本主义的生产方式做出巨大的调整，环保产业，生态经济，绿色经济，可持续经济将是未来发展不可避免的趋势。

Education is a key tool for development and progress of human society. With the rapid progress of our society, technologies and social systems have developed as well. Education, as the most important part of human development, should live up to the requirements of present development. To this end, the requirements of present development need to be first stated briefly. After a science and technology boost in the 20th century, increasing industrial activities resulted in serious environmental problems. To combat these problems, sustainable development was introduced, which is the requirement of present development. It should be noted that the concept of sustainable development is evolving incessantly. Today, not only the environment but also other issues such as poverty and equality are included in the concept of sustainable development [1]. Therefore, for equipping people with skills and thinking of sustainable development, the new and adjusted education for sustainable development, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was proposed by UN and gain a lot of importance. United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) and Global Action Program on Education for Sustainable Development were carried out to accelerate the progress of ESD. In these two actions, the content of ESD was enriched with many detailed goals and feasible approaches. Under the guidance of the two actions, driven by intrinsic need of sustainability, many countries have developed their own framework of education for sustainable development. Different technologies and advanced concepts of education are applied to impart the knowledge of sustainable development to students and strengthen their skills, critical thinking and systemic thinking regarding sustainable development. With the work done by governments and UN, great progress has been made of ESD [2,3 4].

As narrated above, great work has been done with ESD, including complement of the content of education, specific goals and applying new technologies. However, one element dose not get enough attention and that is the motivation of people who receive the education for sustainable development. With motivation, people would set their goals and pursue their goals with strong impetus. From a perspective of educational psychology, generating learning motivation is indispensable and it has high priority in practical education [5]. With high internal motivation of educatees, remarkable outcomes of education could be attained. The creativity and cognitive flexibility of educatees would be greatly improved [6] and these two traits are exactly required by ESD.

Integrating documentary into ESD as a potential creative approach to make up for the deficiency mentioned above is proposed in this essay. One example of documentary and some other advantages of documentary for ESD are discussed. Extending from the documentary that includes engineers and scientists, the role of them and industry in documentary and ESD is also discussed.

Documentaries as a form of video could contain text, graphics, animation and sound, all of which are the elements of multimedia. Multimedia teaching has been proved to be a very effective way of teaching. It helps stimulate students' interest and make students more active in class [7]. Therefore, documentary as one method of multimedia teaching is also able to have the same advantages mentioned before. But further properties should be discussed. Documentaries are not the videos that are usually seen on the class using animation to expound complex theories, but it is also a form of art and commercial products to tell the truth. As commercial products, it has very large audience. Everyone can see it in the cinemas, which means everyone can be the educatees. Documentary tells audience what happens in the real world in an artistic way. Most documentaries would not try to exaggerate the facts to attract people. Instead, different art technics are used to help give more powerful expressions combining with esthetic shots and matched background music, documentary is able to impress audience profoundly. In this way, people are more likely to recognize the facts and reflect more after the documentary [8].

Because of the diversity of documentary, many issues can be displayed and discussed in documentaries. All types of issues relevant to sustainable development are covered in documentaries that have been produced. For example, these three very recent documentaries, “Ruth Bader Ginsburg”, “Chasing Coral” and “Of Fathers and Sons” respectively correspond to equality, environment and education. They provide unique and profound perspectives that audience would not expect, but they are all based on facts and do reveal the issues of sustainability that should get more public attention. More discussion of “Chasing Coral” as an example would be conducted to show some good characteristics which enable this documentary fit into ESD.

Chasing Coral as a documentary records the rapidly bleaching and dying coral due to the rising temperature of ocean, see figure 1. This figure shows rising temperature clearly. When it comes to global warming, much attention is paid to the melting glaciers and rising sea levels. It is a rare and potent angle of looking into global warming. Coral form colorful sea worlds. As the famous Great Barrier Reef , It is very beautiful. However, few people know that it is being killed by global warming. Disappearance of such beautiful thing and novel perspective are able to strongly impress people.

Figure 1. Sea surface temperature anomaly

Global warming is still having an impact where we cannot see it and this is coral. In the documentary, scientists and engineers from various disciplines were invited to give analysis and prediction of coral spreading all over the world according to ocean currents and ocean water temperature warming. Some prediction is given by text, see figure 2. In this way, the predicted results could be impressing.

Figure 2. Prediction from scientists and engineers

Coral is very sensitive to the temperature rising, which would result in a great threaten on the living of coral. The famous Great Barrier Reef will probably have more extensive coral bleaching over the next few years and then die. Currently, 29% of the Coral Great Barrier Reef has died. What is more, coral is a fundamental part of a huge ecosystem and it is, in a way, just like the trees in a forest. Therefore, with coral disappearing, all other animals are also disappearing little by little in our marine ecosystems. Many contrasts are given in this documentary leaving very deep impression to audience.

Figure 3. Contrast of living and dead coral

Figure 4. Contrast of living and dead coral

In summary, in this documentary, starting from a rare perspective of dying coral, combing with scientific research process, showing scientific and rigorous graphics, texts and data, with beautiful sights into the coral, this documentary touches the audience and the audience feels encouraged to think about what they can do about this issues of the dying coral.

The role of scientists and engineers was emphasized in the documentary, see figure 5. They provide rigorous scientific evidence to support the facts and help explain the complex ecological processes in an acceptable way by the public. The participation of these people helps publics understand this documentary better.

Figure 5. Some scientists and engineers involved

Engineers also solve some technical problems, for example, setting a camera in the sea water to help shooting of this documentary.

Figure 6. A camera in the sea water

For this kind of documentary, the target group is not only students but all of society. As one type of commercial movie, it has been shown in the cinemas. Even in some undeveloped regions, open-air cinemas of low cost could be applied to play documentaries to realize this kind of public education. Combined with commercial activities, the film could be advertised widely to the public. Therefore, documentary could reach a large variety of people. Promoting sustainable development widely is exactly desired by ESD. Everyone could contribute to the sustainability of development, if they aware of the issues and motivated to be involved.

However, in a very long term, the youth are the people who can make a difference. They are motivated by the situation that should be changed and then build up their great ideals. They are receiving more advanced education for sustainable development. In the future, they are able to do some great work that makes great differences for sustainability. This is also emphasized in this documentary by the text as following.

Figure 7&8. Young generation is emphasized

Enlightened by this documentary and one example in the following discussion, some suggestions about how scientists, engineers and industry should be involved in ESD are proposed.

As mentioned in section 2.3, the scientists and engineers are involved in making this documentary. This is one example how they can promote ESD. Moreover, in this documentary, they brought their research results to the publics by speeches or other public activities. Especially after they retire from the academic or industrial positions, they have more time and could be involved in more educational public activities. The career of Dr. Jan Goodall is a very good example. After spending 38 years on researching on chimpanzees in the wildlife, she traveled around the world, calling on people to protect wild animals and the earth's environment [9].

Scientists and engineers are the people who work at the forefront of sustainable development. They understand clearly what terrible things are happening. Precious experience and knowledge are built up on their minds. They do have ability to make publics aware of the sustainable issues and encourage them to get involved in sustainable development.

Engineers from industry represent the industry. Industry should participate in some educational public activities as well, such as making this kind of documentary mentioned before. However, if some documentaries tell the false information because of interest, scientists and engineers should stand out to against them. Industry should input sustainable ideas into their products by producing sustainable products in a sustainable way and tell customers how their products are sustainable. With their product sold to publics, by advertising their sustainable producing processes, the sustainable ideas could be prompted.

Documentary can be integrated in ESD. Not only in the classroom teaching, but it also can be widely shown in cinemas. It can make people aware of this issue and give people internal motivation to get themselves involved in this global issue of sustainable development. The young generation should be the main targets of those educational documentaries and also ESD. Because they will be equipped by advanced education to make a difference in the future. Scientists, engineers and industry can participate in different public educational activities for sustainable development. Scientists and engineers can still make huge contributions after they retire by getting involved in more educational activities for sustainable development, if they are willing and energetic enough.

Reference

1. United Nations. “The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018.” (2018).

2. UNESCO. “Education for Sustainable Development Goals.” (2017).

3. Uspartnership.org., U.S. Partnership. URL: //uspartnership.org/

4. Dieter Appelt., et al. “Global Development Education: A Cross-Curricular Framework in the Context of Education for Sustainable Development.” (2017).

5. Slavin, Robert E., and Nicola Davis. "Educational psychology: Theory and practice." (2006).

6. Deci, Edward L., et al. "Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective." Educational psychologist 26.3-4 (1991): 325-346.

7. Joshi, Ashvini. "Multimedia: A Technique in teaching process in the classrooms." Current world environment 7.1 (2012): 33-36.

8. Nichols, Bill. Introduction to documentary. Indiana University Press, 2017.

9. Peterson, Dale. Jane Goodall: The woman who redefined man. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014.